Plagiarism Prevention Policy

Indonesian Journal of Policing and Security Studies, published by COLLEGIUM JUSTICIA INDONESIA, is committed to maintaining academic integrity and protecting the originality and reliability of the scholarly record.

The journal considers plagiarism and other forms of unauthorized appropriation of intellectual work to be serious violations of academic and publication ethics. All submitted manuscripts are therefore subject to appropriate plagiarism and similarity screening as part of the editorial process.

1. Definition of Plagiarism

For the purposes of this policy, plagiarism refers to presenting another person's words, ideas, arguments, data, findings, structure, or other intellectual contributions as one's own without appropriate acknowledgment.

Plagiarism may occur in various forms, including:

  • Direct copying of text without quotation and citation;

  • Copying substantial portions of another work while changing only a limited number of words;

  • Presenting another person's ideas, arguments, theories, findings, or analysis without appropriate attribution;

  • Unacknowledged translation of another person's work;

  • Reusing tables, figures, images, datasets, or other materials without appropriate acknowledgment or permission where required;

  • Appropriating unpublished manuscripts, research findings, or ideas obtained through peer review or other confidential processes; and

  • Other forms of misrepresentation of intellectual contributions.

2. Self-Plagiarism and Text Recycling

Authors must appropriately acknowledge their own previously published work.

The journal considers substantial and inappropriate reuse of an author's previously published text, data, analysis, or other material without proper citation or disclosure to be a form of publication misconduct.

Limited reuse of standard methodological descriptions, technical terminology, or other unavoidable language may not necessarily constitute misconduct. However, authors should avoid unnecessary duplication and must provide appropriate references to their previous publications.

Where an earlier publication substantially overlaps with a submitted manuscript, authors must disclose the relationship to the editor.

3. Duplicate and Redundant Publication

Authors must not submit or publish substantially the same research in multiple journals without appropriate justification and disclosure.

The following practices are considered potential forms of duplicate or redundant publication:

  • Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal;

  • Republishing substantially the same article without disclosure;

  • Republishing the same findings in another language without appropriate disclosure or permission;

  • Fragmenting research into multiple publications primarily to increase publication output; and

  • Reusing substantial portions of a previously published article without adequate acknowledgment.

Authors must disclose any related manuscripts, publications, or submissions that may substantially overlap with the submitted work.

4. Similarity Screening

All manuscripts may be screened using an appropriate plagiarism or text-similarity detection system during the editorial process.

Similarity screening may be conducted:

  • During initial editorial screening;

  • Before peer review;

  • During revision;

  • Before final acceptance; and/or

  • At any stage after publication if concerns are subsequently identified.

The journal may conduct additional manual assessment when the similarity report indicates potentially problematic overlap.

5. Interpretation of Similarity Reports

A similarity score is not, by itself, proof of plagiarism.

The editorial team will consider:

  • The overall similarity percentage;

  • The number and length of matching passages;

  • Whether the matching material is properly cited;

  • Whether the overlap occurs in standard terminology or methodology;

  • Whether the overlap involves the authors' previous publications;

  • Whether the similarity concerns substantive intellectual content; and

  • The context and source of the identified material.

Accordingly, the journal does not apply a single similarity percentage as an automatic basis for acceptance or rejection.

6. Editorial Assessment

Where potentially problematic similarities are identified, the editor may conduct a detailed assessment of the manuscript and the relevant source material.

The editor may request an explanation or clarification from the authors where appropriate.

Depending on the nature and extent of the overlap, the journal may:

  • Request revision and proper citation;

  • Request removal or rewriting of improperly reused material;

  • Request disclosure of related publications;

  • Reject the manuscript;

  • Refer the matter to the relevant institution or organization; or

  • Take other appropriate action in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics Policy.

7. Plagiarism Identified Before Publication

If plagiarism is identified before publication, the journal may take action according to the severity of the case.

Minor or Limited Issues

Where the overlap is limited and appears to result from inadequate citation or presentation, the editor may request the authors to revise the manuscript and provide appropriate attribution.

Substantial Plagiarism

Where substantial portions of a manuscript have been copied or improperly appropriated, the manuscript may be rejected.

In serious cases, the journal may also notify the authors' institution or other relevant authority where appropriate.

Severe or Deliberate Misconduct

Where there is evidence of deliberate or extensive plagiarism, the journal may reject the manuscript immediately and may restrict future submissions from the relevant author(s), subject to appropriate editorial consideration.

8. Plagiarism Identified After Publication

If credible evidence of plagiarism is identified after an article has been published, the journal will assess the matter in accordance with its Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement.

Depending on the circumstances, the journal may:

  • Publish a correction;

  • Publish an Expression of Concern;

  • Retract the article;

  • Correct the publication record;

  • Notify relevant institutions or parties; or

  • Take other appropriate corrective action.

A retracted article will normally remain accessible with a clear retraction notice in order to preserve the integrity and transparency of the scholarly record.

9. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are primarily responsible for ensuring the originality and proper attribution of their manuscripts.

Before submission, authors should:

  • Ensure that all sources are appropriately cited;

  • Use quotation marks for substantial verbatim quotations where appropriate;

  • Clearly distinguish their own ideas from those of other researchers;

  • Obtain appropriate permission for copyrighted third-party materials where required;

  • Disclose relevant previous publications;

  • Identify substantial overlap with their own previous work; and

  • Review the final manuscript carefully for inadvertent plagiarism or inappropriate text reuse.

Submission of a manuscript constitutes an affirmation that the authors have taken reasonable steps to ensure its originality and proper attribution.

10. Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for responding appropriately to credible concerns regarding plagiarism.

Editors should:

  • Conduct appropriate screening and assessment;

  • Treat allegations confidentially and fairly;

  • Avoid making conclusions solely on the basis of an automated similarity score;

  • Give authors an appropriate opportunity to respond where necessary;

  • Maintain records of relevant investigations; and

  • Take appropriate corrective action when plagiarism is established.

Editors must not use unpublished material identified during plagiarism screening for their own research or personal advantage.

11. Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers who identify suspected plagiarism or substantial unauthorized overlap should inform the handling editor confidentially.

Reviewers should not directly accuse authors of misconduct or contact authors concerning plagiarism allegations without authorization from the editor.

Reviewers must not use or reproduce unpublished material from a manuscript under review.

12. Plagiarism and Generative AI

The use of generative AI does not alter the authors' responsibility for originality and proper attribution.

Authors must not use generative AI to:

  • Conceal plagiarism;

  • Paraphrase copied material in order to evade plagiarism detection;

  • Generate misleading or fabricated citations;

  • Present AI-generated material as independently researched evidence without appropriate verification; or

  • Misrepresent the origin of ideas, data, text, or other intellectual content.

AI-assisted text must be independently reviewed by the authors, and material use of generative AI must be disclosed in accordance with the journal's Generative AI Policy.

The use of an AI-generated paraphrase does not remove the requirement to cite the original source where the underlying idea or intellectual contribution originates from another work.

13. Plagiarism and Copyright

Plagiarism and copyright infringement are related but distinct issues.

A work may involve plagiarism even where copyright protection does not apply, and a copyright violation may occur even where attribution is provided.

Authors are responsible for complying with both:

  • Academic attribution requirements; and

  • Applicable copyright and intellectual property requirements.

Third-party materials must be appropriately cited and, where necessary, used with permission.

14. Confidentiality of Investigations

Plagiarism allegations and related investigations will be handled with appropriate confidentiality.

Information will be shared only with individuals who need the information to assess or resolve the matter, subject to applicable legal, institutional, and ethical requirements.

The journal will seek to avoid unnecessary reputational harm to authors or other parties while ensuring that credible allegations are appropriately investigated.

15. Appeals and Author Response

Authors may provide an explanation or response when the journal raises concerns regarding plagiarism or inappropriate text reuse.

Where a manuscript is rejected or an article is subject to corrective action based on plagiarism concerns, authors may appeal the decision in accordance with the journal's Appeals Policy.

An appeal should provide substantive evidence or reasoning addressing the specific plagiarism concerns.

16. Institutional Cooperation

Where appropriate, the journal may contact an author's institution, research organization, funding body, or other relevant authority when an allegation involves serious research or publication misconduct.

The journal may cooperate with institutional investigations and provide relevant information where ethically and legally appropriate.

17. Special Issues

The same plagiarism-prevention standards apply to all manuscripts submitted to or published in Special Issues.

Special Issue status does not provide an exemption from plagiarism screening, originality requirements, or publication-ethics procedures.

Guest Editors and reviewers must also comply with the journal's confidentiality and publication-integrity requirements when handling Special Issue manuscripts.

18. Record Keeping

The journal may retain relevant records concerning plagiarism screening, editorial assessments, author responses, and corrective actions in accordance with applicable data-protection and record-retention requirements.

Such records may be used to support editorial decision-making, research-integrity investigations, and maintenance of the scholarly record.

19. Commitment to Academic Integrity

Indonesian Journal of Policing and Security Studies is committed to ensuring that published research represents genuine scholarly contributions and that intellectual work is properly acknowledged.

The journal applies a case-by-case, evidence-based approach to plagiarism assessment rather than relying solely on an automated similarity percentage.

All authors, editors, reviewers, and other participants in the publication process share responsibility for maintaining the originality, credibility, and integrity of the journal's scholarly record.

20. Policy Review

The journal may periodically review and update this Plagiarism Prevention Policy to reflect developments in academic integrity, plagiarism-detection technologies, copyright, generative AI, research ethics, and international scholarly publishing practices.

Any substantive changes to this policy will be communicated transparently through the journal's official website.