The Governance of Cruise Tourism in Bali: A Tourism Justice Analysis of Environmental Costs and Local Economic Benefits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65815/3brnaa23Keywords:
Cruise tourism, Bali, environmental justice, local economy, tourism governanceAbstract
Cruise tourism has expanded as part of Bali's international tourism economy, generating visitor spending and opportunities for local businesses while potentially imposing environmental and infrastructural costs on coastal destinations. The economic contribution of cruise passengers, however, may not correspond to the environmental burdens associated with port activity, waste generation, emissions, and pressure on coastal infrastructure. This article examines cruise tourism governance in Bali through a tourism justice framework. Using normative juridical and policy analysis, the study evaluates port governance, environmental regulation, tourism policy, local economic participation, and destination management. The article argues that cruise tourism should be assessed according to both its economic benefits and its environmental and social externalities. Local communities should receive a fair share of economic benefits while tourism authorities ensure that environmental costs are appropriately internalized by cruise operators and other beneficiaries. The study proposes a cruise tourism justice framework incorporating environmental fees, transparent impact monitoring, local procurement, community benefit mechanisms, and destination carrying-capacity considerations. Such measures could reduce the risk of tourism revenue being privatized while environmental costs are transferred to local communities and public authorities. The article concludes that Bali's cruise tourism policy should integrate economic, environmental, and distributive considerations within a coherent destination governance framework.
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