The Implementation of Accessibility Standards in Indonesian Tourism Policy: Protecting the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Bali's Tourism Destinations

Abstract

Bali's position as Indonesia's leading international tourism destination makes accessibility an important test of the country's commitment to inclusive tourism. Persons with disabilities may encounter physical, informational, transportation, and institutional barriers that limit their ability to participate equally in tourism activities. This article examines the implementation of accessibility standards in Bali's tourism destinations from a rights-based perspective. Using normative juridical research and policy analysis, the study evaluates disability rights, building accessibility, tourism regulation, transportation standards, and obligations of tourism businesses and local governments. The article argues that formal recognition of disability rights is insufficient without effective implementation and monitoring at the destination level. Accessibility should be incorporated into tourism licensing, destination planning, infrastructure development, and business compliance. The study proposes an inclusive tourism framework requiring universal design, reasonable accommodation, accessible information, staff training, and effective complaint mechanisms. Local governments should also establish measurable accessibility indicators and inspection mechanisms rather than relying solely on voluntary compliance. Treating accessibility as a legal obligation rather than a commercial service would strengthen equal participation in tourism and contribute to a more inclusive model of destination governance. Bali can therefore serve as an important case for evaluating the practical implementation of disability-inclusive tourism policy in Indonesia.