AI-Generated Art and Indonesian Artists: Copyright Justice in the Emerging Digital Art Economy

Abstract

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has transformed the production and distribution of visual art while creating uncertainty concerning authorship, copyright, and the economic rights of human artists. In Indonesia, the increasing use of AI-generated images raises questions regarding whether existing copyright frameworks adequately protect artists whose works may be used as training materials or whose creative markets may be disrupted by automated content generation. This article examines AI-generated art from the perspective of copyright justice in Indonesia. Using normative juridical research, the study analyzes Indonesian copyright law, authorship principles, originality requirements, and emerging questions concerning AI-assisted creation. The article argues that technological innovation should not result in the systematic transfer of economic and creative value away from human artists without appropriate legal safeguards. The study proposes a regulatory framework addressing transparency concerning training data, attribution, consent, licensing, and protection against unauthorized commercial exploitation of artists' works. It further distinguishes fully autonomous machine-generated outputs from human-AI collaborative works. A justice-oriented approach should balance technological innovation with the legitimate interests of artists whose creative labor contributes to the cultural economy. The article concludes that Indonesia requires adaptive copyright governance capable of addressing AI-generated art while preserving incentives for human creativity.