Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights in Indonesia: Regulating Algorithmic Discrimination in Public Services

Abstract

The increasing use of artificial intelligence in public administration may improve efficiency but also create risks of discrimination, opacity, and arbitrary decision-making. Algorithmic systems used for social assistance, public services, risk assessment, or law enforcement may affect individuals without providing adequate explanations or opportunities to challenge automated outcomes. This article examines algorithmic discrimination in Indonesian public services from a human rights perspective. Using normative juridical and policy analysis, the study evaluates equality rights, data protection, administrative law, and emerging AI governance principles. The article argues that automated decision-making should remain subject to human rights standards, particularly non-discrimination, transparency, accountability, and procedural fairness. The study proposes an algorithmic accountability framework requiring impact assessments, explainability standards, human oversight, independent audits, and effective remedies for affected individuals. Particular attention is given to vulnerable groups who may experience disproportionate consequences from biased datasets or poorly designed systems. The article concludes that Indonesia's AI governance framework should integrate human rights safeguards before algorithmic systems are widely deployed in high-impact public decisions.