The Right to Accessible Transportation in Indonesia: Evaluating Disability Inclusion in Jakarta's Public Transport System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65815/kt7xac54Keywords:
Disability rights, accessible transportation, Jakarta, public services, human rightsAbstract
Accessible transportation is essential for the effective enjoyment of education, employment, healthcare, and participation in public life by persons with disabilities. Jakarta has expanded public transportation infrastructure and introduced accessibility measures, yet physical, informational, and institutional barriers may continue to limit independent mobility. This article examines the implementation of the right to accessible transportation in Jakarta. Using normative juridical and policy analysis, the study evaluates disability rights law, transportation regulation, accessibility standards, and public-service obligations. The article argues that accessibility should be understood as a legally enforceable right rather than merely a service improvement. Compliance should encompass stations, vehicles, pedestrian connections, ticketing systems, digital information, emergency procedures, and staff assistance. The study proposes an accessibility governance framework incorporating universal design, measurable service standards, regular accessibility audits, disability participation, and effective complaint mechanisms. Persons with disabilities should be directly involved in evaluating transportation policies and infrastructure. The article concludes that Jakarta's public transportation system can become a model of rights-based urban mobility if accessibility requirements are integrated into planning, procurement, monitoring, and enforcement mechanisms.
References
Arianto, Dwi, and Nurliana Cipta Apsari. 2022. “Gambaran Aksesbilitas, Inklusivitas, dan Hambatan Penyandang Disabilitas dalam Memanfaatkan Transportasi Publik: Studi Literatur di Berbagai Negara.” Focus: Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial 5 (2).
Ariansyah, Kasmad, Caecilia Suprapti Dwi Takariani, Diana Sari, Ahmad Budi Setiawan, Syarif Budhirianto, and Ardison. 2025. “Transportation Accessibility for People with Disabilities: Examining Preferences for Conventional Public Transport and Ride-Hailing Services in Indonesia.” Case Studies on Transport Policy 20: 101451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101451.
Bezyak, Jill Louise, Scott Sabella, Joy Hammel, Katherine McDonald, Robin Ann Jones, and Dana Barton. 2020. “Community Participation and Public Transportation Barriers Experienced by People with Disabilities.” Disability and Rehabilitation 42 (23): 3275–3283. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1590469.
Bonpalda, Ginna Glyceria, and Abdul Ghofur. 2024. “Advocacy of Gerakan Aksesibilitas Umum Nasional for Persons with Disabilities in Using Mikrotrans JakLingko Mode of Transportation.” Jurnal Ad'ministrare 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.71309/administrare.v11i1.2235.
Cerdan Chiscano, Monica. 2020. “Improving the Design of Urban Transport Experience with People with Disabilities.” Research in Transportation Business & Management 37: 100596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100596.
Fitri, Husnul, and Diah Rini Lesmawati. 2024. “Travel Satisfaction of Persons with Disabilities in Metropolitan Indonesia: A Case of Jakarta.” Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2024.11.2.2.
Irviani, Evi, and Hendra Wijayanto. 2020. “Implementasi Layanan Publik Transjakarta Cares dalam Meningkatkan Aksesibilitas Penyandang Disabilitas di Wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta.” The Indonesian Journal of Public Administration 6 (2).
Jovansa, Jesia Charel, Herbasuki Nurcahyanto, and Tri Yuniningsih. 2024. “Analisis Aksesibilitas Pelayanan Transportasi Publik Commuter Line bagi Penyandang Disabilitas di Stasiun Manggarai Jakarta Selatan.” Journal of Management and Public Policy 13 (3): 252–273. https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v13i3.44875.
Legrain, Alain, et al. 2024. “Exploring Transportation Equity Issues for Persons with Disabilities: The Impact of Gender on Mobility and Accessibility Indicators.” Journal of Transport & Health 36: 101801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101801.
Moussi, et al. 2025. “Inclusion Persons with Disabilities to a Public Transport System: An Integrative Decision-Aiding Approach.” Transportation Research Procedia 82: 3007–3033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2024.12.233.
Nielsen, Anja Fleten. 2023. “Universal Design for People with Psychosocial Disabilities – The Effect of COVID-19.” Research in Transportation Economics 98: 101280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101280.
Park, Jun, and Subeh Chowdhury. 2022. “Towards an Enabled Journey: Barriers Encountered by Public Transport Riders with Disabilities for the Whole Journey Chain.” Transport Reviews 42 (2): 181–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2021.1955035.
Park, Keunhyun, Hossein Nasr Esfahani, Valerie Long Novack, Jeff Sheen, Hooman Hadayeghi, Ziqi Song, and Keith Christensen. 2023. “Impacts of Disability on Daily Travel Behaviour: A Systematic Review.” Transport Reviews 43 (2): 178–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2022.2060371.
Rafi, Muhamad, and Isnenningtyas Yulianti. 2025. “Kewarganegaraan Inklusif Penyandang Disabilitas dalam Aksesibilitas Transportasi Publik: Studi Aksesibilitas Stasiun Dukuh Atas dan Manggarai.” Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya 26 (1). https://doi.org/10.55981.2024.14034.
Shabrina, Salsa, and Siti Nurlaela. 2021. “Komparasi Tingkat Aksesibilitas Jaringan Transportasi Publik bagi Pekerja Ulang-Alik di Kawasan Surabaya Metropolitan Area.” TATALOKA 23 (3): 363–376. https://doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.23.3.363-376.
Sianipar, Jose, Puji Astuti, and Turtiantoro. 2022. “Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pemenuhan Aksesibilitas Penyandang Disabilitas terhadap Layanan Moda Transportasi di DKI Jakarta.” Journal of Politic and Government Studies 11 (2).
Simanjuntak, Jeremia G. G. Parulian, Budiman Rusli, and Elisa Susanti. 2019. “Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in Trans Metro Bandung Services.” Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies 6 (2): 149–156. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2019.006.02.4.
Suwandi, Putri Anggi Permata, Bayu Singgih Saputro, Wilarso Hermanto, and Agung Kristiawan. 2021. “Accessibility of Transportation Facilities for Disabilities: Case Study of Trans Semarang.” International Journal of Sustainable Building, Infrastructure and Environment.
Sze, Nang Ngai, and Keith M. Christensen. 2017. “Access to Urban Transportation System for Individuals with Disabilities.” IATSS Research 41 (2): 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2017.05.002.
Uddin, Md Majbah, Meiyu Pan, and Ho-Ling Hwang. 2023. “Factors Influencing Mode Choice of Adults with Travel-Limiting Disability.” Journal of Transport & Health 33: 101714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2023.101714.
Unsworth, Carolyn, Man Hei So, Julian Chua, Prasad Gudimetla, and Anjum Naweed. 2021. “A Systematic Review of Public Transport Accessibility for People Using Mobility Devices.” Disability and Rehabilitation 43 (16): 2253–2267. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1697382.
Verbich, David, and Ahmed M. El-Geneidy. 2016. “The Pursuit of Satisfaction: Variation in Satisfaction with Bus Transit Service among Riders with Encumbrances and Riders with Disabilities Using a Large-Scale Survey from London, UK.” Transport Policy 47: 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.12.009.
Wahyuni, Endang Sri, Bhisma Murti, and Hermanu Joebagio. 2015. “Public Transport Accessibility for People with Disabilities.” Journal of Health Policy and Management.
Wijaya, Amelia Tharuni, and Lestari Nurhajati. 2017. “Implementasi CRPD dalam Aspek Aksesibilitas Transportation Publik di DKI Jakarta.” Bricolage: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi.
Yola, Lin. 2023. “Analisis Aksesibilitas Bus Rapid Transit bagi Penumpang dengan Disabilitas di DKI Jakarta: Studi Kasus pada Moda Transportasi Publik di DKI Jakarta.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah 8 (3): 1689–1695. https://doi.org/10.24815/jimps.v8i3.25240.
Zakiyah, Ummi, and Dina Fadiyah. 2020. “Inovasi Pelayanan Transportasi Publik Ramah Penyandang Disabilitas di DKI Jakarta.” Administratio 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.23960/administratio.v11i1.102.
Legal Sources
Indonesia. 1945. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945.
Indonesia. 2011. Law No. 19 of 2011 on the Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Indonesia. 2016. Law No. 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities.
Indonesia. 2011. Regional Regulation of DKI Jakarta No. 10 of 2011 concerning the Protection of Persons with Disabilities.
United Nations. 2006. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
United Nations. 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All writings published in this journal are the personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal or the authors’ affiliated institutions. Authors retain copyrights without any restriction under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
