Digital Surveillance and the Right to Privacy in Indonesia: Assessing the Human Rights Implications of State Use of Digital Identification Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65815/0bj8yt13Keywords:
Right to privacy, digital identification, surveillance, data protection, IndonesiaAbstract
The expansion of digital identification and data-driven public administration has created opportunities to improve government services while raising significant concerns concerning privacy and state surveillance. In Indonesia, increasingly extensive collection and processing of personal data by public institutions require effective safeguards against unauthorized access, excessive monitoring, and misuse. This article examines the human rights implications of state use of digital identification systems in Indonesia. Using normative juridical research and policy analysis, the study evaluates privacy rights, personal data protection, government data governance, and oversight mechanisms. The article argues that digital transformation should not undermine the principle of informational self-determination or permit disproportionate state interference with private life. Particular attention is given to data minimization, purpose limitation, transparency, independent oversight, and effective remedies for individuals affected by data misuse. The study proposes a rights-based governance framework requiring clear legal authority, proportionality assessments, security safeguards, independent supervision, and accessible complaint mechanisms. The article concludes that digital identification can support efficient public administration only when technological capacity is accompanied by strong institutional accountability and meaningful protection of privacy rights.
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