Climate Justice Through the Lens of Ocean Governance: Protecting the Sea and Its People in Indonesia’s Small Islands

Abstract

This study explores the concept of climate justice through the lens of ocean governance, focusing on the protection of Indonesia’s small islands and their coastal communities. Small islands in Indonesia are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and the degradation of marine ecosystems. These islands are also home to indigenous and local communities who rely on the sea for their livelihoods, culture, and sustenance. However, the complex intersection of environmental degradation, economic development, and political marginalization often leaves these communities at risk of both climate impacts and exclusion from key decision-making processes. This research examines how Indonesia’s ocean governance frameworks, including national policies and local conservation efforts, address (or fail to address) the climate justice concerns of small island communities. Through a combination of policy analysis, field research, and interviews with community leaders, marine experts, and policymakers, the study evaluates the effectiveness of current governance structures in balancing environmental protection, climate adaptation, and the rights of coastal communities. The findings suggest that while Indonesia has made strides in promoting marine conservation and sustainable fisheries management, gaps remain in ensuring that small island communities are adequately involved in the governance process. The study argues for a more inclusive and equitable approach to ocean governance that recognizes the rights of local populations and integrates climate justice principles into marine policy. The research offers policy recommendations for enhancing community participation and protecting both the sea and its people.