Racial Discrimination in Indonesian Sports: A Critical Review of the Legal and Social Impacts on Ethnic Minority Athletes

Abstract

Racial discrimination remains a persistent issue in Indonesian sports, affecting athletes from ethnic minority groups, including indigenous peoples and ethnic Chinese Indonesians. This paper investigates how racial and ethnic minorities experience exclusion or marginalization in sports, both in terms of access to opportunities and representation. Drawing from legal frameworks and personal testimonies, the study explores how sports organizations in Indonesia contribute to or mitigate racial injustice. It critically assesses the effectiveness of anti-discrimination laws and policies, as well as the role of public attitudes and media representation in perpetuating or challenging these issues. The paper concludes with recommendations for creating a more inclusive sports environment, emphasizing the importance of diversity in leadership roles and the representation of ethnic minorities in all levels of Indonesian sports.