Religious Freedom in Indonesia: Tensions Between National Security and Minority Religious Groups

Abstract

Indonesia, as a diverse society, is continually balancing national security concerns with the protection of religious freedom, particularly for minority religious groups. This paper examines the tension between state security measures and the rights of non-Muslim communities in various regions, focusing on the impact of national security policies, such as counter-terrorism laws and religious intolerance. By analyzing legal frameworks, government practices, and case studies of religious discrimination, the paper investigates how national security concerns often compromise religious freedoms. It highlights incidents where non-Muslim communities, including Christians, Hindus, and other minorities, face legal and societal obstacles that restrict their religious practices. The research also explores the role of advocacy groups in challenging these policies and fostering interfaith dialogue. The findings suggest that while national security is essential, it should not come at the expense of religious pluralism and human rights. The paper contributes to the understanding of the legal and political dynamics surrounding religious freedom in Indonesia, offering recommendations for legal reforms that protect minority rights while addressing security concerns. This paper explores a complex issue at the intersection of security and religion, shedding light on the lesser-explored legal impact of national security policies on religious minorities in Indonesia. By offering insights into the balancing act between national security and religious freedom, this research contributes to the literature on religious rights, interfaith relations, and national security policies, with direct relevance to Southeast Asia.