Women’s Rights in Indonesia: Gender-Based Violence and the Challenge of Legal Protection

Abstract

This paper explores the issue of gender-based violence (GBV) in Indonesia and evaluates the country’s legal and societal frameworks in providing protection for women. Despite legal advancements, including the passing of the Domestic Violence Law in 2004 and the more recent Sexual Violence Eradication Law (TPKS) in 2022, women in Indonesia continue to face significant challenges in accessing justice and protection from violence. This study critically analyzes the effectiveness of these legal provisions and the gaps in enforcement, focusing on issues such as victim-blaming, the role of local authorities, and the prevalence of cultural norms that undermine women’s rights. Drawing on data from national surveys, legal case studies, and interviews with survivors, the paper examines the broader societal attitudes toward gender-based violence, exploring the intersection of law, culture, and religion. The research also discusses the limitations of existing legal frameworks in addressing the complexities of GBV, such as intimate partner violence, sexual harassment, and trafficking. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving legal protections for women, enhancing support services for survivors, and fostering a cultural shift toward greater gender equality.