Social Determinants of Health and the Struggle for Health Justice in Indonesia’s Marginalized Communities

Abstract

Social determinants of health—such as income, education, housing, and access to clean water—are central to understanding health inequities in Indonesia, where marginalized communities continue to face significant health challenges. This paper explores the intersection of social determinants of health and health justice in Indonesia, focusing on the experiences of low-income, rural, and indigenous populations. Through an analysis of national health data, community health surveys, and interviews with individuals from marginalized groups, the study identifies key social factors that contribute to health disparities, including poverty, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to education. Findings suggest that addressing these social determinants is critical to achieving health justice, as health outcomes cannot be improved without tackling the root causes of inequality. The paper advocates for a more holistic approach to public health that integrates policies addressing poverty, education, and housing with healthcare services. Recommendations include improving access to social services, investing in community health programs, and strengthening policies that promote social and economic equity. The study concludes that health justice in Indonesia requires a multifaceted approach that goes beyond healthcare access to address the underlying social factors that influence health.