The Impact of Air Pollution on Public Health Justice: A Case Study of Indonesia’s Major Cities

Abstract

Air pollution is a growing public health crisis in Indonesia, particularly in major cities like Jakarta, Surabaya, and Medan. This paper investigates the impact of air pollution on health justice, focusing on how environmental hazards disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, such as low-income groups, children, and the elderly. Using a case study approach, the research examines air quality data, public health records, and interviews with residents and public health experts. Findings reveal a strong correlation between high pollution levels and increased incidences of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and other chronic health issues, with marginalized communities bearing the brunt of these health impacts due to limited access to healthcare and environmental protection. The study argues that addressing air pollution is not only an environmental issue but a matter of health justice, requiring coordinated efforts across sectors to mitigate its effects and protect public health. Recommendations include stronger regulatory frameworks for industrial emissions, improved public transportation, and urban planning that prioritizes environmental health. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for policy interventions that ensure equitable access to clean air and health resources for all Indonesians.