Environmental Health Justice: The Impact of Pollution on Vulnerable Communities in Indonesia

Abstract

Environmental pollution in Indonesia, particularly in urban and industrial areas, poses a significant threat to public health, with vulnerable communities suffering the most. This paper examines the relationship between environmental pollution and health justice, focusing on how marginalized communities—such as low-income populations, ethnic minorities, and those living near industrial zones—are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards. Using a case study approach, the research analyzes air and water pollution data, health outcomes, and local government responses in affected regions. Interviews with residents, environmental activists, and public health experts further illustrate the health impacts of pollution, which include respiratory diseases, waterborne illnesses, and mental health issues. The study argues that environmental health injustices are exacerbated by inadequate regulation, lack of enforcement of environmental laws, and limited access to healthcare for affected populations. The paper advocates for stronger environmental regulations, greater community involvement in policymaking, and increased investment in healthcare for vulnerable groups. Policy recommendations include the creation of more sustainable industrial practices and community health programs to mitigate the impact of pollution on public health.