The Intersection of Economic Inequality and Health Justice: A Study on the Health of Indonesia’s Poor

Abstract

Economic inequality in Indonesia is a significant determinant of health, with the country’s poorest populations experiencing disproportionately worse health outcomes. This paper investigates the intersection of economic inequality and health justice, examining how poverty, income inequality, and access to healthcare services influence the health of Indonesia’s most disadvantaged groups. Using a quantitative approach, the study analyzes health data, income distribution statistics, and policy documents, alongside qualitative interviews with low-income individuals in urban and rural areas. Results indicate that economic inequality exacerbates health disparities, as the poor face higher barriers to accessing quality healthcare, are more likely to experience chronic diseases, and have lower life expectancy. The research highlights that while Indonesia’s Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has expanded insurance coverage, the poorest populations still struggle to afford out-of-pocket healthcare costs and experience long delays in accessing services. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving healthcare equity, including targeting health interventions for low-income groups, reducing out-of-pocket costs, and addressing the root causes of poverty that undermine health outcomes.