Free Education, Equal Opportunity? Evaluating the Quality of Public Education in Indonesia

Abstract

This paper critically evaluates the quality of public education in Indonesia within the context of the government’s policy of providing free education. While the abolition of school fees has increased access to education for many children, the quality of education remains uneven, particularly in underfunded regions. The study investigates the disparities in educational quality by examining the availability of resources, teacher qualifications, and student outcomes in both urban and rural schools. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with educators, students, and policymakers, the research assesses whether the policy of free education has truly leveled the playing field or if significant gaps in quality persist. The findings suggest that while the policy has made education more accessible, the lack of sufficient infrastructure, inadequate teacher training, and disparities in educational materials undermine the quality of education in many areas. The paper proposes policy adjustments to ensure that the goal of equal opportunity in education is met, including increased investment in teacher professional development, school infrastructure, and curriculum resources.