Tourism and Health Justice: Assessing the Impact of Tourism on Public Health and Well-being in Indonesia’s Tourist Hotspots

Abstract

Mass tourism in Indonesia’s popular tourist destinations, such as Bali, Yogyakarta, and Jakarta, has brought not only economic benefits but also significant public health challenges. This paper explores the health justice implications of tourism on local populations and workers in these regions, focusing on issues such as sanitation, healthcare access, and the spread of diseases. By reviewing health statistics, conducting surveys with healthcare providers, and interviewing local residents and tourists, this study identifies the key public health issues exacerbated by high volumes of visitors. It highlights how inadequate infrastructure, overburdened healthcare systems, and rising levels of pollution disproportionately affect low-income and vulnerable communities. The paper argues for the implementation of health justice policies that prioritize the well-being of residents and workers, including improving sanitation, expanding healthcare access, and implementing health-focused tourism regulations.