Environmental Justice in Tourism: Assessing the Impact of Eco-Tourism on Indonesia’s Natural Resources and Local Communities

Abstract

Eco-tourism is often presented as a sustainable alternative to mass tourism, promising to protect natural resources while benefiting local communities. This paper examines the environmental and social justice dimensions of eco-tourism in Indonesia, focusing on its impact on ecosystems and indigenous populations. Through case studies in regions such as Borneo, Komodo, and Sumatra, the paper assesses whether eco-tourism practices truly align with the principles of environmental justice. The study explores how eco-tourism initiatives influence biodiversity conservation, habitat preservation, and the livelihoods of local communities. It critically evaluates the effectiveness of eco-tourism policies and the role of government regulations in ensuring that both environmental and social justice are upheld. The paper argues that while eco-tourism has the potential to be a force for good, it must be carefully managed to avoid exacerbating inequalities or damaging local ecosystems. Policy recommendations include improving community participation in eco-tourism planning, enforcing stricter environmental regulations, and ensuring fair distribution of eco-tourism revenue.