The Impact of International Tourism on Economic Justice: A Study of Indonesia’s Popular Tourist Areas

Abstract

International tourism has become a major driver of economic growth in Indonesia, yet its benefits are often unevenly distributed across local populations. This paper analyzes the economic impact of international tourism on communities in high-tourism areas such as Bali, Yogyakarta, and Jakarta, focusing on issues of economic justice, income inequality, and the concentration of wealth. Through fieldwork and interviews with local business owners, workers, and policymakers, the study uncovers the disparities in how tourism revenues are allocated, highlighting the dominance of multinational corporations in the tourism sector and the lack of substantial economic benefits for local communities. The research critiques the reliance on tourism as an economic development model and calls for more inclusive tourism policies that prioritize local ownership, equitable wealth distribution, and community empowerment. The paper concludes by proposing a framework for sustainable tourism development that ensures fair economic outcomes for all stakeholders, particularly marginalized groups.