Tourism and Land Displacement: A Legal Perspective on the Rights of Local Communities in Indonesia

Abstract

Tourism development in Indonesia has often led to land displacement for local communities, raising critical legal and ethical questions about land rights and social justice. This paper analyzes the legal frameworks that govern land acquisition and compensation in the context of tourism-related projects, with a focus on case studies in Bali, Lombok, and Sumatra. Through a review of relevant laws, court cases, and field interviews with displaced communities, the study highlights the lack of adequate legal protections for local populations, particularly in rural and indigenous areas. The paper argues that while tourism development can bring economic benefits, it frequently results in the violation of land rights, inadequate compensation, and forced migration of local communities. The research also examines the role of government policies, the private sector, and international law in protecting the land rights of affected populations. In conclusion, the paper calls for stronger legal safeguards, more transparent land acquisition processes, and increased community participation in tourism development decisions to prevent land displacement and ensure justice for local populations.