Social Justice in Bali’s Tourism Industry: The Impact of Mass Tourism on Local Culture and Economy

Abstract

Bali, as one of Indonesia’s premier tourist destinations, has experienced significant economic growth due to mass tourism. However, the socio-economic and cultural ramifications of this rapid development have become a subject of concern. This paper examines the impact of mass tourism on the local culture and economy of Bali, focusing on the growing disparity between tourism revenue generation and the benefits received by indigenous communities. Through a combination of ethnographic fieldwork and economic analysis, the study reveals that the tourism boom has led to cultural commodification, rising living costs, and the displacement of local populations in areas like Kuta and Ubud. Additionally, the paper investigates how tourism has altered traditional livelihoods and exacerbated economic inequalities, particularly among the rural poor. The analysis also critiques the role of government policies and large tourism corporations in perpetuating these disparities. The research suggests that achieving social justice in Bali’s tourism industry requires more equitable policies that prioritize local ownership, cultural preservation, and fair distribution of tourism-generated wealth. Finally, the paper proposes a model of community-based tourism that offers a sustainable and culturally respectful alternative to mass tourism, advocating for broader stakeholder participation in decision-making processes.