Poverty, Justice, and Theology: The Indonesian Muslim Perspective on Socio-Economic Justice and Development

Abstract

In Indonesia, poverty alleviation remains a key concern for policymakers, religious communities, and civil society. This paper examines how Indonesian Muslim scholars and activists engage with theological perspectives on poverty, economic justice, and development. Drawing from Islamic teachings on wealth distribution, charity, and social welfare, the paper explores how the concepts of zakat (charity), sadaqah (voluntary giving), and khilafah (stewardship) shape responses to socio-economic inequality. The study highlights the theological basis for Islam’s emphasis on justice, fair distribution of wealth, and responsibility for the welfare of the poor and marginalized. Additionally, the paper investigates the role of Islamic organizations, such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, in advocating for poverty alleviation through education, healthcare, and economic development initiatives. The paper also considers how Islamic perspectives on socio-economic justice align with or challenge Indonesia's national development policies, particularly in addressing the needs of rural and impoverished communities. Through case studies of successful Islamic development projects, the paper demonstrates how religious-based frameworks are employed in the fight against poverty. The research concludes with recommendations for integrating Islamic theological insights into broader socio-economic development policies to achieve more equitable and just outcomes.