The Role of Indonesian Theology in Promoting Social Justice: A Critical Review of Religious Teachings on Poverty

Abstract

In Indonesia, religious communities across Islam, Christianity, and indigenous traditions play a critical role in addressing social injustices, particularly poverty and economic inequality. This paper critically examines the theological underpinnings of poverty alleviation in Indonesia, focusing on how religious teachings inspire action on behalf of marginalized populations. The study reviews Islamic concepts such as zakat (charity), sadaqah (voluntary giving), and the Christian teachings of love, compassion, and solidarity with the poor. Drawing on historical and contemporary case studies of religious groups and NGOs, the paper explores how these communities actively engage in poverty relief through charity, education, healthcare, and advocacy. Furthermore, the study highlights theological perspectives that promote dignity, justice, and the moral imperative to address structural inequality. It argues that theology provides a strong ethical framework for addressing poverty, but challenges remain in translating these principles into effective policy and practice in a diverse society. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which theological teachings can inform broader public policies to address the root causes of poverty, fostering a more just and equitable society.