Theological Perspectives on Environmental Justice: The Role of Religion in Addressing Climate Change in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia, with its rich biodiversity and vulnerability to climate change, faces significant environmental challenges that intersect with issues of justice. This paper explores how various religious traditions in Indonesia—particularly Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and indigenous beliefs—contribute to the theological understanding of environmental justice. It examines sacred texts, teachings, and religious practices related to stewardship of the earth, the moral imperative to protect nature, and the responsibility to future generations. The study focuses on how these religious perspectives can shape public attitudes and influence policies to address climate change. For example, Islamic teachings on the balance (mizan) between humanity and nature, Christian ideas of creation care, and Hindu concepts of the interconnectedness of all life are examined in light of Indonesia’s environmental crisis. The paper argues that religion can be a powerful ally in the struggle for environmental justice by inspiring moral action, advocating for sustainable practices, and fostering a deeper respect for creation. However, challenges exist in translating theological principles into tangible environmental policies, especially when development interests often clash with environmental conservation. Recommendations include fostering greater interfaith dialogue on environmental issues, integrating religious teachings into climate change education, and encouraging religious institutions to take an active role in environmental advocacy and policy-making.