Affirmative Action and Its Impact on Minority Groups in Indonesia: A Legal Perspective

Abstract

This paper explores the impact of affirmative action policies on minority groups in Indonesia, analyzing the legal frameworks and the outcomes of such policies. Affirmative action has been a critical tool in addressing socio-economic disparities and promoting social justice, especially for ethnic and religious minorities. However, Indonesia’s approach to affirmative action is often contested, particularly in the context of university admissions, civil service recruitment, and access to public resources. Through a legal analysis of key policies, such as the Law on the National Civil Service (2014) and affirmative action provisions in education, the paper assesses how effectively these policies have been implemented to reduce inequality among ethnic and religious minorities, including indigenous groups and Chinese Indonesians. Drawing on case studies and interviews with policymakers and minority representatives, the research highlights both the successes and limitations of affirmative action in promoting real equality. The findings suggest that while affirmative action has provided opportunities for some marginalized groups, it has also led to unintended consequences, such as resentment and political backlash. The paper concludes by proposing policy adjustments to make affirmative action more inclusive, ensuring that it targets the most disadvantaged groups and is implemented in a way that promotes social cohesion.