Water and Justice: Evaluating the 2004 Indonesian Water Resources Law in Protecting Vulnerable Communities from Climate-Induced Water Scarcity

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the 2004 Indonesian Water Resources Law (Law No. 7/2004) in protecting vulnerable communities from the impacts of climate-induced water scarcity. As climate change intensifies, many regions in Indonesia are experiencing increased water stress due to altered rainfall patterns, droughts, and the depletion of freshwater resources. These challenges disproportionately affect marginalized groups, particularly in rural and indigenous communities, who rely heavily on local water sources for both domestic use and livelihood activities. The research critically examines how the 2004 Water Resources Law addresses the needs of these vulnerable communities, assessing its provisions on water allocation, access, and the role of local governance in ensuring equitable distribution. By combining legal analysis, policy review, and interviews with affected communities and water management officials, the study identifies gaps in the law’s implementation and enforcement that hinder its ability to provide comprehensive protection in the face of climate variability. The findings suggest that while the law outlines broad principles for water management and equity, it often falls short in ensuring that vulnerable groups have access to clean and sufficient water, especially during periods of water scarcity. The study calls for a more inclusive and adaptive legal framework that prioritizes the needs of marginalized communities and integrates climate resilience into water governance. This research contributes to the broader conversation on climate justice, advocating for reforms that enhance the legal protections for those most at risk from water scarcity in Indonesia.