Climate Justice in an Age of Democratic Decline: Civic Space and Environmental Resistance

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between climate justice, civic space, and environmental resistance in the context of democratic decline, with a particular focus on Indonesia. As climate change intensifies, the struggle for environmental justice becomes increasingly intertwined with broader issues of political freedom, human rights, and democratic governance. In countries like Indonesia, where environmental degradation is often driven by extractive industries and unsustainable development, civic space for environmental activism is shrinking, especially as democratic institutions face growing challenges from authoritarian tendencies. This study examines how democratic backsliding affects the ability of civil society, activists, and marginalized communities to engage in climate justice movements and resist environmentally destructive policies. Through case studies, interviews with environmental activists, and analysis of political trends, the research reveals that the decline in democratic freedoms, such as restrictions on freedom of assembly, press, and speech, has led to the criminalization of environmental resistance and increased risks for those fighting for climate justice. The paper argues that climate justice must not only address environmental and social inequities but also actively protect democratic principles that allow for meaningful public participation and environmental advocacy. By examining the intersections of climate change, civic space, and democratic governance, this research offers a nuanced perspective on how environmental resistance can continue to thrive even in the face of political repression, and how climate justice movements must adapt to an era of democratic decline.