The Indonesian Anti-Corruption Studies journal is dedicated to advancing interdisciplinary research that addresses the multifaceted nature of corruption in Indonesia. Its primary focus is on examining the theoretical foundations, practical challenges, and innovative solutions to corruption within the Indonesian context. The journal welcomes original research, critical case studies, and comparative analyses that explore key areas such as anti-corruption policies, legal reforms, and the role of technology in enhancing transparency and accountability. It also highlights the social and economic consequences of corruption, examining its impact on public trust, democratic processes, and human rights in Indonesia. Special attention is given to the effectiveness of key institutions like the anti-corruption commission and the judiciary, as well as the role of civil society and media in advocating for systemic change. The scope of the journal extends to a wide range of topics, including policy evaluation, public financial management, and cross-country comparisons of anti-corruption strategies. It encourages research that integrates perspectives from political science, law, economics, sociology, and information technology, aiming to foster a comprehensive understanding of corruption and its prevention. Articles that examine the intersection of corruption with broader governance issues, such as inequality and poverty, are also welcomed. The journal seeks to provide practical insights and policy recommendations that can inform both domestic reforms and global anti-corruption efforts, making it a key resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners dedicated to improving governance in Indonesia and beyond.
The Network of Indonesian Legal and Justice Researchers
All writings published in this journal are the personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal or the authors’ affiliated institutions. Authors retain copyrights without any restriction under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Anti-Corruption as a Pillar of Democratic Resilience: A Normative-Political Framework
Anti-corruption measures are critical to sustaining democratic resilience by promoting transparency, accountability, and public trust. This paper develops a normative-political framework that conceptualizes anti-corruption as a core pillar of democratic governance. Drawing on political theory, comparative governance studies, and Indonesia’s democratic trajectory, the study examines how effective anti-corruption institutions and policies reinforce democratic norms and deter authoritarian backsliding. The paper argues that anti-corruption efforts must be integrated with broader democratic reforms to build resilient institutions capable of withstanding political and economic pressures. This research contributes theoretically to debates on democracy and governance, providing a roadmap for policymakers and scholars interested in strengthening democratic resilience through anti-corruption initiatives.
Anti-Corruption; Democratic Resilience; Governance; Political Theory; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Corruption and Access to Justice for Marginalized Communities
Access to justice is a fundamental right often compromised by corruption, especially for marginalized communities in Indonesia. This paper investigates how corrupt practices within the judicial and law enforcement systems impede equitable access to justice. Drawing on case studies, interviews with affected communities, and legal analysis, the study exposes barriers such as bribery, biased adjudication, and procedural delays that disproportionately disadvantage vulnerable groups. The research underscores the intersectionality of corruption, social exclusion, and legal inequality, advocating for reforms that enhance transparency, legal aid, and community empowerment. By linking corruption to justice access, the paper enriches the scholarly debate on social justice and governance in developing democracies.
Corruption; Access to Justice; Marginalized Communities; Judicial Integrity; Indonesia
Civic Space Shrinkage and Anti-Corruption Advocacy: How Free Is Free Speech in Indonesia?
The ability of civil society to advocate against corruption depends heavily on the openness of civic space and freedom of expression. This paper examines the state of civic space in Indonesia, analyzing how legal, political, and social pressures affect anti-corruption activism. Through qualitative research including interviews with activists, NGOs, and government officials, coupled with analysis of relevant laws and incidents, the study highlights trends of civic space shrinkage such as restrictive regulations, intimidation, and censorship. The paper discusses the implications for anti-corruption advocacy and democratic accountability, emphasizing the need for legal protections and inclusive governance to safeguard free speech. This research contributes to the international discourse on the nexus between human rights, governance, and corruption control in transitional democracies.
Civic Space; Free Speech; Anti-Corruption Advocacy; Civil Society; Indonesia
Corruption and the Right to Public Services: An Underrated Human Rights Issue
Corruption in public service delivery disproportionately affects vulnerable populations by impeding their right to essential services such as health, education, and social welfare. This paper explores corruption as a human rights concern, focusing on Indonesia’s public service sectors. Using empirical evidence from service users, civil society reports, and institutional assessments, the study documents how corrupt practices, including bribery and favoritism, restrict access to quality services and exacerbate social inequalities. The paper argues that framing corruption as a violation of economic and social rights can strengthen legal and policy responses, fostering more inclusive governance. By connecting corruption to human rights discourse, this research advances global debates on accountability and equitable public service provision in developing countries.
Corruption; Public Services; Human Rights; Social Equity; Indonesia
Electoral Corruption and Human Rights Violations in Indonesia: A Case-Based Approach
Electoral corruption not only undermines democratic processes but also infringes on fundamental human rights, including the rights to free expression, participation, and equality. This paper examines the intersection of electoral corruption and human rights violations in Indonesia through detailed case studies of recent regional and national elections. Employing a multidisciplinary methodology combining legal analysis, field interviews, and electoral data, the study reveals how vote-buying, intimidation, and manipulation of electoral mechanisms compromise citizens’ political rights and democratic legitimacy. The paper highlights gaps in enforcement and accountability that allow these violations to persist and calls for integrated reforms combining electoral integrity and human rights protection frameworks. This research contributes to international scholarship by emphasizing the need to address corruption as a human rights issue, offering insights relevant to democracies facing similar challenges.
Electoral Corruption; Human Rights; Political Participation; Indonesia; Democratic Integrity
Religious Institutions and Anti-Corruption Discourse in Indonesia
Religious institutions play a significant role in shaping moral values and social norms in Indonesia. This paper explores the involvement of religious organizations in anti-corruption discourse, analyzing sermons, religious education, and community outreach programs. Through qualitative content analysis and interviews with religious leaders and followers, the study examines how religious teachings contribute to framing corruption as a moral and social sin, influencing public attitudes and behaviors. Findings reveal both the strengths and limitations of religious institutions as agents of anti-corruption socialization, including challenges posed by political entanglements and varying interpretations of ethical mandates. The paper argues for leveraging the moral authority of religious organizations while promoting pluralistic and inclusive approaches to anti-corruption advocacy. This research enriches the global conversation on the intersection of religion and governance in combating corruption.
Religious Institutions; Anti-Corruption; Moral Discourse; Social Norms; Indonesia
Media Literacy and Anti-Corruption Awareness Among Rural Communities
Media literacy is increasingly recognized as a vital tool for empowering citizens to critically engage with information and foster anti-corruption awareness. This study investigates the relationship between media literacy levels and anti-corruption awareness among rural communities in Indonesia. Using mixed methods including surveys, focus groups, and participatory workshops, the research assesses how access to information and critical consumption of media influence perceptions of corruption and civic engagement. Results suggest that higher media literacy correlates with increased awareness of corruption issues and a stronger inclination toward participation in local accountability initiatives. The study highlights the potential of media literacy programs to support anti-corruption efforts in marginalized areas, where information asymmetry often undermines governance. This paper contributes to international discourse on the intersection of media, education, and corruption prevention in developing country contexts.
Media Literacy; Anti-Corruption Awareness; Rural Communities; Civic Engagement; Indonesia
Integrating Anti-Corruption Values into National Curriculum: Challenges and Opportunities
Embedding anti-corruption values into national education curricula is critical for long-term governance reform. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating anti-corruption content into Indonesia’s national curriculum. Through policy review, interviews with curriculum developers, and analysis of educational materials, the study identifies barriers including bureaucratic inertia, politicization of curriculum content, and competing educational priorities. Conversely, it highlights opportunities such as growing political commitment, civil society advocacy, and international support. The research underscores the need for a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach that combines curriculum innovation, teacher training, and community involvement. By situating Indonesia’s experience within broader international efforts to mainstream integrity education, the paper contributes practical recommendations for policymakers and educators working to institutionalize anti-corruption values in formal education.
Curriculum Development; Anti-Corruption Values; Education Reform; Integrity Education; Indonesia
University Students’ Attitudes Towards Corruption: A Cross-Disciplinary Survey
Understanding youth attitudes towards corruption is crucial for designing effective prevention strategies. This paper presents a cross-disciplinary survey of Indonesian university students’ perceptions, beliefs, and ethical orientations regarding corruption. Using quantitative data collected from students across diverse academic faculties, the study examines factors influencing attitudes such as discipline, socio-economic background, and exposure to anti-corruption campaigns. Results indicate varying levels of tolerance and skepticism, with social science and law students generally demonstrating stronger anti-corruption attitudes compared to students in other fields. The study also explores correlations between ethical awareness and willingness to engage in anti-corruption behaviors. These findings inform educational and policy interventions aimed at fostering integrity among future leaders. The research adds to global scholarship by providing empirical insights into the complex landscape of youth attitudes toward corruption in a transitional democracy.
Youth Attitudes; Corruption Perception; University Students; Ethical Orientation; Indonesia
Anti-Corruption Education in Indonesian Schools: Policy vs. Practice
Anti-corruption education has gained prominence as a preventative measure to instill integrity and ethical values among youth. This paper examines the gap between policy intentions and practical implementation of anti-corruption education in Indonesian schools. Utilizing policy analysis, classroom observations, and interviews with educators and students, the study evaluates curriculum content, teaching methods, and institutional support. Findings reveal discrepancies between national anti-corruption education policies and on-the-ground practices, characterized by limited resources, inadequate teacher training, and superficial engagement with corruption topics. The research argues for comprehensive capacity building, curriculum reform, and stronger collaboration between educational authorities and anti-corruption agencies to enhance effectiveness. This study contributes to international debates on civic education by highlighting the challenges of embedding anti-corruption values in formal education systems within emerging democracies.
Anti-Corruption Education; Curriculum Implementation; Youth Integrity; Indonesia; Civic Education
The Impact of High-Profile Corruption Cases on Public Policy Reform in Indonesia
High-profile corruption cases can act as catalysts for public policy reform by raising awareness and mobilizing political will. This paper investigates the impact of major corruption scandals on Indonesia’s policy landscape, analyzing how such cases influence legislative changes, institutional reforms, and public discourse. Through case studies of landmark prosecutions, media analysis, and interviews with policymakers, the study explores the conditions under which corruption scandals translate into meaningful reforms. Findings reveal that while high-profile cases generate temporary momentum for change, sustained reform requires broader political support, civil society engagement, and institutional resilience. The paper contributes to international scholarship on corruption and governance by elucidating the complex relationship between scandal-driven accountability and structural reform, providing lessons applicable to other transitional democracies confronting endemic corruption.
High-Profile Corruption; Public Policy Reform; Political Accountability; Indonesia; Governance
The Role of International Pressure in Domestic Anti-Corruption Reform: Lessons from the IMF Era
International organizations often influence domestic anti-corruption reforms through conditionalities and technical assistance. This paper examines the role of international pressure, focusing on the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) influence on Indonesia’s anti-corruption policies during the post-Asian Financial Crisis period. Using policy analysis, archival research, and interviews with policymakers and international actors, the study assesses how IMF-driven reforms shaped institutional development, governance practices, and political will. The findings suggest that while international pressure accelerated reform efforts and introduced important governance norms, its effectiveness was mediated by domestic political dynamics and institutional capacities. The paper contributes to the global debate on the interaction between international governance regimes and national reform processes, emphasizing the importance of contextualizing external pressures within local political realities to achieve sustainable anti-corruption outcomes.
International Pressure; Anti-Corruption Reform; IMF; Governance; Indonesia
Comparative Study of Anti-Corruption Agencies: Indonesia's KPK vs. Malaysia's MACC
Anti-corruption agencies play a pivotal role in curbing corruption, but their effectiveness varies across countries due to institutional design, political context, and operational capacity. This comparative study analyzes Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and Malaysia’s Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) to identify factors contributing to their successes and challenges. Through comparative legal analysis, performance metrics, and interviews with officials and experts, the paper explores differences in independence, investigative powers, political support, and public engagement. Findings indicate that while both agencies have made significant strides, they face distinct political pressures and institutional constraints that affect their autonomy and impact. The study offers recommendations for strengthening anti-corruption agencies in Southeast Asia, emphasizing the need for legal safeguards, adequate resources, and public trust. This research enriches international scholarship by providing a nuanced understanding of institutional effectiveness in regional anti-corruption efforts.
Anti-Corruption Agencies; KPK; MACC; Institutional Comparison; Southeast Asia
Corruption in Indonesia’s Natural Resources Sector: The Case of Illegal Mining Permits
Indonesia’s abundant natural resources have been a source of economic growth but also a hotspot for corruption, particularly in the issuance of mining permits. This paper investigates corruption related to illegal mining permits, analyzing how regulatory loopholes, weak enforcement, and collusive networks facilitate unauthorized exploitation of resources. Utilizing fieldwork, government data, and interviews with regulators, industry actors, and affected communities, the study reveals the environmental, economic, and social consequences of corruption in the sector. It also highlights the challenges faced by anti-corruption agencies in addressing entrenched interests and balancing economic development with sustainability. The paper contributes to global discussions on resource governance by offering empirical insights into corruption dynamics in extractive industries and recommending integrated policy approaches to enhance transparency and enforcement in Indonesia and similar contexts.
Corruption; Illegal Mining; Natural Resources; Environmental Governance; Indonesia
Analyzing the e-KTP Scandal: Lessons Learned from a Multi-Billion Corruption Case
The e-KTP scandal represents one of Indonesia’s largest and most high-profile corruption cases, involving the embezzlement of billions of rupiah from the national electronic identity card program. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the scandal, examining its root causes, institutional failures, and the legal and political responses that followed. Through case study methodology, including document review and interviews with anti-corruption officials and legal experts, the study identifies systemic weaknesses such as lack of oversight, collusion between politicians and contractors, and ineffective enforcement mechanisms. The scandal’s fallout exposed critical vulnerabilities in public procurement and governance systems. The paper contributes to the international anti-corruption discourse by highlighting lessons learned and recommending reforms to strengthen transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in large-scale government projects. It underscores the importance of robust institutional checks and public scrutiny to prevent similar scandals in emerging democracies.
e-KTP Scandal; Corruption Case Study; Public Procurement; Governance; Indonesia
Cybersecurity and the Integrity of E-Procurement Systems in Indonesia
E-procurement systems are increasingly central to public procurement reform, but their integrity depends on robust cybersecurity measures. This paper investigates cybersecurity vulnerabilities in Indonesia’s e-procurement platforms, analyzing risks related to data breaches, fraud, and manipulation by corrupt actors. Using technical assessments, policy reviews, and interviews with IT professionals and procurement officials, the study identifies gaps in system security, user awareness, and regulatory oversight. Findings reveal that inadequate cybersecurity threatens the transparency and effectiveness of e-procurement, potentially facilitating new forms of corruption. The paper recommends comprehensive cybersecurity frameworks, regular audits, and capacity-building programs to strengthen system resilience. By addressing the intersection of digital security and corruption control, this research contributes to international discussions on safeguarding e-governance tools in developing countries.
Cybersecurity; E-Procurement; Corruption; Digital Integrity; Indonesia
Digital Forensics in Corruption Investigations: Opportunities and Limitations
Digital forensics has emerged as a critical tool in investigating corruption cases, enabling the recovery and analysis of electronic evidence. This paper examines the application of digital forensic techniques in Indonesian anti-corruption investigations, assessing their effectiveness and the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies. Drawing on case law review, interviews with forensic experts and prosecutors, and analysis of institutional capacities, the study identifies key opportunities such as enhanced evidence accuracy and expanded investigative scope. However, limitations persist, including technical skill gaps, legal ambiguities regarding digital evidence admissibility, and resource constraints. The paper argues for improved training, clearer legal frameworks, and investment in forensic infrastructure to optimize the use of digital forensics in corruption cases. This study contributes to broader debates on the role of technology in criminal justice and anti-corruption efforts in emerging democracies.
Digital Forensics; Corruption Investigations; Electronic Evidence; Law Enforcement; Indonesia
Blockchain Technology for Transparent Governance: A Feasibility Study in Indonesian Context
Blockchain technology offers potential for enhancing transparency and accountability in governance by providing immutable and decentralized record-keeping. This paper conducts a feasibility study on implementing blockchain solutions in Indonesia’s public sector, focusing on anti-corruption applications such as land registration, public procurement, and financial transactions. Using a multidisciplinary approach involving technical assessment, stakeholder interviews, and policy analysis, the study evaluates the opportunities and constraints posed by Indonesia’s technological infrastructure, regulatory environment, and institutional capacity. Findings suggest that while blockchain could reduce corruption risks by improving traceability and reducing intermediaries, challenges related to scalability, legal recognition, and digital literacy must be addressed. The paper recommends a phased implementation combined with pilot projects and regulatory reforms. This research contributes to the growing global literature on blockchain in governance, offering practical insights for policymakers and technologists in similar developing country contexts.
Blockchain; Transparent Governance; Anti-Corruption; Public Sector Innovation; Indonesia
The Role of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Corruption in Indonesia
Advances in big data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) present new opportunities for detecting and preventing corruption. This paper explores the application of these technologies in Indonesia’s anti-corruption landscape, analyzing current initiatives, technological capabilities, and institutional readiness. Through case studies of data-driven projects and interviews with technology experts and anti-corruption practitioners, the study evaluates the potential of AI algorithms to identify suspicious patterns, predict corruption risks, and enhance investigative efficiency. Findings highlight both the transformative potential and critical challenges, such as data quality, privacy concerns, and limited technical capacity. The paper advocates for strategic investments in technology, capacity building, and ethical frameworks to harness AI effectively in anti-corruption efforts. This study adds to international debates on digital innovation in governance, emphasizing the need for contextualized approaches in emerging economies.
Big Data; Artificial Intelligence; Corruption Detection; Technology; Indonesia
E-Government and Anti-Corruption: Evaluating SP4N-LAPOR! and Online Complaint Systems
E-government initiatives offer promising tools to enhance transparency and public participation in anti-corruption efforts. This paper evaluates Indonesia’s SP4N-LAPOR! platform and other online complaint systems as mechanisms for citizen reporting and government accountability. Using mixed methods, including user data analysis, interviews with government officials and users, and system audits, the study assesses the platforms’ accessibility, responsiveness, and impact on corruption control. Findings indicate that while these systems increase transparency and provide channels for public grievances, challenges remain in ensuring timely responses, protecting whistleblowers, and integrating complaints into broader enforcement processes. The study argues that strengthening technological infrastructure, capacity building, and legal frameworks is necessary to maximize the anti-corruption potential of e-government tools. This research contributes to the global discourse on digital governance by highlighting the benefits and limitations of online platforms in enhancing civic oversight in transitional democracies like Indonesia.
E-Government; Anti-Corruption; SP4N-LAPOR!; Online Complaint Systems; Indonesia
Foreign Direct Investment and Corruption: Is Indonesia Still a Risky Market?
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is vital for Indonesia’s economic growth, yet corruption remains a key concern for investors. This paper evaluates the extent to which corruption affects Indonesia’s investment climate and assesses recent reforms aimed at improving transparency and regulatory efficiency. Drawing on investment data, surveys of multinational corporations, and governance indices, the study examines corruption-related risks such as bribery, bureaucratic delays, and informal payments that investors encounter. Findings indicate that while progress has been made, particularly through digitalization and regulatory simplification, corruption still poses significant obstacles in some sectors and regions. The paper discusses the implications of corruption perceptions for Indonesia’s competitiveness in the global market and offers policy recommendations to strengthen anti-corruption enforcement and investor protections. This research contributes to the international debate on FDI and corruption by providing a nuanced understanding of challenges and reforms in a major emerging market.
Foreign Direct Investment; Corruption Risk; Investment Climate; Regulatory Reform; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ismail, Arka Putra Atmadja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fiscal Transparency and Corruption Control in Indonesia’s Budgeting Process
Fiscal transparency is a cornerstone of effective corruption control in public finance management. This paper examines the role of transparency in Indonesia’s budgeting process as a tool for mitigating corruption risks. Using an evaluative framework, the study analyzes budget disclosure practices, public participation mechanisms, and oversight by legislative and civil society institutions. Data from government budget documents, transparency indices, and expert interviews highlight progress in open budgeting but also reveal persistent challenges such as opaque budget allocations, off-budget funds, and limited citizen engagement. These factors create opportunities for corruption and reduce accountability. The paper argues for institutionalizing comprehensive transparency reforms, strengthening parliamentary oversight, and fostering participatory budgeting to enhance anti-corruption efforts. By situating Indonesia’s experience within global fiscal governance debates, the study underscores the critical link between transparency and integrity in public financial management.
Fiscal Transparency; Budgeting Process; Corruption Control; Public Finance; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Zio Aksara Bhiru (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
State-Owned Enterprises and Corruption Risks: Accountability Challenges in Indonesia
State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia occupy a critical space in the national economy but are often vulnerable to corruption due to weak governance and accountability mechanisms. This paper explores the corruption risks within Indonesian SOEs, analyzing regulatory frameworks, corporate governance structures, and documented corruption cases. Drawing on legal analysis, financial audits, and stakeholder interviews, the study identifies accountability gaps that facilitate corrupt practices such as embezzlement, nepotism, and procurement fraud. The research highlights the tension between political influence and commercial autonomy, which undermines effective oversight. It argues that strengthening SOE governance requires institutional reforms, enhanced transparency, and greater public scrutiny to mitigate corruption risks and align SOEs with national development goals. This study contributes to international debates on corruption in public enterprises, offering insights relevant to other emerging economies seeking to improve SOE accountability.
State-Owned Enterprises; Corruption Risks; Accountability; Governance; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Rahmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Corruption and Public Procurement: A Study of Budget Leakage in Regional Governments
Public procurement is a high-risk area for corruption, especially at the regional government level in Indonesia. This study examines budget leakage caused by corrupt practices in local procurement processes, focusing on the mechanisms, scale, and institutional factors that enable misuse of public funds. Employing an empirical approach combining audit reports, procurement data, and interviews with procurement officials and watchdog agencies, the paper identifies common corruption patterns including collusive bidding, fraud, and favoritism. Results indicate significant financial losses and inefficiencies, exacerbated by weak enforcement and limited transparency in local governments. The study argues for the urgent need to strengthen procurement regulations, enhance digital procurement systems, and promote civil society participation to curb corruption and improve fiscal responsibility. By highlighting regional procurement vulnerabilities, this research adds to the global understanding of corruption in decentralized governance systems.
Public Procurement; Budget Leakage; Regional Governments; Corruption; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Yuda Abimanyu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Economic Cost of Corruption in Indonesia’s Infrastructure Projects
Corruption poses significant economic challenges in Indonesia’s infrastructure sector, undermining project efficiency, increasing costs, and delaying development. This paper investigates the economic cost of corruption in infrastructure projects by analyzing case studies, budget overruns, and procurement irregularities. Using quantitative data from government reports and interviews with key stakeholders, the study estimates the direct and indirect financial losses attributable to corrupt practices such as bribery, kickbacks, and collusion among contractors and officials. Findings reveal that corruption inflates project costs by up to 20–30%, reduces quality, and discourages private investment. The paper highlights systemic weaknesses in oversight mechanisms and calls for enhanced transparency, stronger institutional controls, and community monitoring to mitigate corruption risks. This research contributes to international debates on corruption’s economic impacts and provides policy recommendations relevant to other emerging economies grappling with infrastructure development challenges under governance constraints.
Economic Cost; Corruption; Infrastructure Projects; Procurement; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Malik Sabrang Panuntun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Corruption and Social Inequality: How the Poor Pay the Price
Corruption disproportionately affects marginalized and economically vulnerable populations, exacerbating social inequalities. This paper examines the relationship between corruption and social inequality in Indonesia, focusing on how corrupt practices in public service delivery and resource allocation impact poor communities. Utilizing mixed methods—including household surveys, interviews with affected individuals, and policy analysis—the study investigates the mechanisms through which corruption deepens poverty and restricts access to essential services such as healthcare, education, and social assistance. Findings demonstrate that corruption creates significant barriers for the poor, including increased costs, reduced service quality, and exclusion from benefits. These outcomes perpetuate cycles of disadvantage and undermine social cohesion. The paper contributes to international scholarship by highlighting the intersection of corruption and inequality, emphasizing the need for anti-corruption policies that explicitly address social justice concerns. It calls for integrated approaches that combine governance reform with poverty alleviation strategies to ensure equitable development and strengthen democratic accountability.
Corruption; Social Inequality; Poverty; Public Services; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Ridwan Arifin, Auliya Rochman, Fatima Nayla Husna, Indah Sri Utari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Youth Engagement in Anti-Corruption Campaigns: A Sociological Perspective
Youth engagement is increasingly recognized as a vital factor in sustaining anti-corruption efforts and democratic renewal. This paper investigates how Indonesian youth participate in anti-corruption campaigns, exploring their motivations, methods, and perceived impacts from a sociological perspective. Using surveys, focus groups, and content analysis of social media activism, the study examines the role of education, social networks, and digital platforms in shaping youth involvement. Findings suggest that while many young people express strong anti-corruption values and utilize innovative advocacy tools, challenges such as political apathy, limited institutional channels, and socio-economic barriers constrain their full participation. The study highlights the potential of youth as agents of change but underscores the need for inclusive policies that support their engagement. This paper contributes to broader debates on youth and governance by offering empirical insights into how emerging generations in Indonesia negotiate civic responsibility and anti-corruption activism in a transitional democracy.
Youth Engagement; Anti-Corruption Campaigns; Social Media; Civic Participation; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Septian Noor Ekaputra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Grassroots Anti-Corruption Movements: A Case Study of Community-Based Monitoring Initiatives
Grassroots movements have increasingly become important actors in the fight against corruption, particularly in contexts where formal institutions face limitations. This paper presents a case study of community-based monitoring initiatives in Indonesia, which empower local citizens to oversee public projects and service delivery. Through fieldwork in several districts, interviews with activists, and analysis of project outcomes, the study evaluates the effectiveness, challenges, and impact of these grassroots anti-corruption efforts. Results indicate that community monitoring fosters transparency and accountability by exposing irregularities and pressuring local officials, though it often encounters resistance from entrenched interests and lacks sufficient institutional support. The paper argues that while grassroots movements cannot substitute formal institutions, they are crucial complements that enhance civic participation and democratize anti-corruption efforts. This research adds to the international literature on participatory governance by demonstrating how localized activism can generate meaningful oversight in decentralized settings, offering practical lessons for similar initiatives globally.
Grassroots Movements; Community Monitoring; Transparency; Civic Participation; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Zulfikar Ahmad, Karina Dwi Cahyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cultural Dimensions of Corruption in Indonesia: Between Tolerance and Resistance
Corruption in Indonesia is not only a legal and political challenge but also a deeply embedded cultural phenomenon. This paper explores the cultural dimensions of corruption, focusing on how social norms, values, and informal practices contribute to both tolerance and resistance toward corrupt behavior. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and cultural theory, the study examines how concepts such as “patronage,” “gotong royong” (mutual cooperation), and hierarchical social relations shape perceptions and practices of corruption at community levels. Findings reveal a complex ambivalence where corruption is simultaneously normalized as a means of survival and rejected as a moral and civic violation. This duality creates significant challenges for anti-corruption initiatives, which often clash with entrenched cultural patterns. The paper contributes to global debates on the importance of culturally sensitive anti-corruption strategies by highlighting Indonesia’s unique social context. It calls for policies that balance legal enforcement with community engagement and cultural awareness to foster sustainable anti-corruption change.
Corruption Culture; Social Norms; Patronage; Gotong Royong; Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2024 Nyoman Shanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Perception and Trust in Anti-Corruption Institutions in Post-Reformasi Indonesia
Public trust is a vital indicator of the legitimacy and effectiveness of anti-corruption institutions. This paper investigates the evolution of public perception and trust toward Indonesia’s key anti-corruption bodies, notably the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the judiciary, in the post-Reformasi era. Using survey data, media analysis, and focus group discussions conducted across urban and rural areas, the study explores factors influencing public confidence, including institutional performance, transparency, and political interference. Results show a fluctuating level of trust: initial optimism during the early Reformasi years has been tempered by recent controversies, legal reforms, and perceived politicization. While the KPK remains relatively trusted compared to other institutions, public skepticism is growing, especially among younger demographics and marginalized groups. The study argues that restoring and sustaining public trust requires greater institutional transparency, independence, and consistent enforcement of anti-corruption laws. This research contributes to the international discourse by emphasizing the critical role of public perception in sustaining anti-corruption regimes, especially in transitional democracies where institutional legitimacy is fragile.
Public Trust; Anti-Corruption Institutions; KPK; Indonesia; Institutional Legitimacy
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Catur Kurniawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0